Types of photovoltaic structures. What are the differences?

There are several mounting structures for PV systems, each designed to meet different installation, environmental and application needs. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Roof Mounting (Coplanar or Sail)
   

   • This is one of the most popular methods for installing residential and commercial photovoltaic systems.
   • The panels are mounted directly on the roof of the building, whether on tiles, metal sheets or other types of covering.
   • It can be fixed or tilted to optimize solar exposure, depending on the location and angle of the roof.
   • It is an option that uses existing space efficiently, without taking up additional ground space.

2. Ground Mount (Sail):

   • This is a common option for large-scale installations such as solar farms or commercial and industrial projects.
   • The panels are mounted on support structures fixed to the ground, usually at adjustable angles to maximize solar exposure.
   • It is a flexible choice that allows you to size the system according to your energy needs and the space available on the land.

3. Solar Trackers:

   • These systems allow solar panels to follow the movement of the sun throughout the day, maximizing sunlight capture.
   • There are two main types: single-axis tracker systems and dual-axis tracker systems.
   • Single-axis tracker systems move the panels around a single axis, usually from east to west, while dual-axis systems move the panels around two axes to follow the movement of the sun both horizontally and vertically.
   • While these systems can significantly increase energy production, they are also more complex and expensive compared to fixed systems.

4. Architectural Integration:

   • This approach involves integrating solar panels directly into architectural elements, such as building facades, car park roofs, pergolas or even windows.
   • Solar panels can be designed to blend aesthetically with existing architecture, offering a solution that is both functional and visually appealing.
   • This option is popular in residential and commercial projects where aesthetics are an important consideration.

Each type of PV structure has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of efficiency, cost, ease of installation and visual impact. The choice of the ideal structure will depend on the specific site conditions, project requirements and customer preferences.

If in doubt, you should always contact someone who is an expert in the field.